5SSR staff first approached the City of Kitchener with the idea of creating a fish habitat bank in 2014 during construction of the Filsinger Park Stream Restoration Project.  This project involved the naturalization of more than 2.0 km of concrete lined channel creating new fish habitat. 5SSR staff helped negotiate the Habitat Banking Arrangement which was ultimately signed in 2016.  5SSR staff were then then retained to develop the Annexes to the Habitat Banking Arrangement for three additional stream restoration projects. These projects involved a combination of improved fish passage through culverts, naturalization of concrete channels, dam removal and the restoration of stream channels that were degraded but still provided some fish habitat.  The Annexes outlined the methodologies to calculate the net improvement in fish habitat.  The methodologies developed involved consideration of habitat area, geomorphological stability, benthic invertebrate populations, shoreline vegetation and fish populations.  It total, the City of Kitchener now has more than 14,000 square metres of warm water fish habitat worth approximately $21M.  The City plans to use some of the credits to obtain authorizations required from DFO for infrastructure projects involving creek crossings.