5SSR staff worked with CP to obtain environmental permits and approvals associated with the twinning of their mainline within the Vancouver Terminal of the Cascade Subdivision. The Cascade Subdivision is one of CP’s busiest and a second rail line was required increase capacity along the south shore of Burrard Inlet. The project included the infilling of shoreline and intertidal habitat, which required Authorization under the federal Fisheries Act and offsetting be completed to address the unavoidable impacts to fish and fish habitat. 5SSR staff worked with CP and DFO to obtain the Fisheries Act Authorization and design the offsetting, which included the creation of beach spawning and subtidal reef habitat for Surf Smelt and Pacific Sand Lance. The offsetting project was selected following engagement and consultation with local Indigenous communities and stakeholders, as well as guidance from habitat survey reports and local expertise.